Emotions as Strategic Game in a Hostile Workplace Case Study - 40

Feelings as Strategic Game in a Hostile Workplace - Case Study Example This exploration will start with the explanation that rising up out of her own declarations in the meeting, Laura is by all accounts unjustified in her contentions that her authoritative culture advances frigidity and ineffectiveness. In actuality, allowing representatives a chance to communicate their feelings impact the profitability of an association. All the more explicitly, the administration approach not to acknowledge the statement of outrage, dread, satisfaction or any part of feeling is in an offered not to subvert the normal execution of workers. Drawing from Darwin’s transformative standards, feelings will in general fill a particular need to upgrade the endurance instruments of man. Truth be told, transformative therapists call attention to that feelings, regardless of whether viewed as positive or negative, serve a specific job. On another level, positive feelings like bliss and appreciation show great assessment, while negative ones like dread and outrage will in general be inverse. Laura’s hierarchical culture is by all accounts affected more by the â€Å"myth of rationality† of logical administration that got obvious in the late nineteenth century. This hypothesis is prefaced on the way that a fruitful association is one that didn't permit workers to show any feelings.

APA Annotation for 4 articles Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

APA Annotation for 4 articles - Research Paper Example The paper prevails with regards to showing that the view of Muslim ladies that is depicted in the book sabotages the need to address the man centric social orders that make it hard for the young lady kid to be enabled. Rather, it shows that the foundation of the creator and money related inspirations for the most part drives the message. The paper is helpful while assessing the circumstance of Arabic Muslim young ladies in the United States of America. In spite of the fact that the paper fills in as a solid study of the book, it has neglected to welcome the certainties in the novel. The Breadwinner has prevailing with regards to adding to the discussion about the job of religion in sabotaging the confidence for balance in the general public. The Arabic understudies in the nation would relate to the contention made in the paper. Specifically, they will relate to the way that the institutional structure and culture where they adapt frequently subverts the job of ladies. In addition, th ey will concur that the ‘girl needing salvation’ story that is available in the book subverts their mission for acknowledgment in the general public. , Erick and Zaidi center around how the media secured the homicide of a youthful Muslim young lady in Mississauga, Ontario. The episode happened in December 7. Specifically, they have concentrated on how the media moved the discussion from worries over a sad family occasion to a bigger theme, the conflict of developments. The creators additionally centered around resistance and the negative impact that the term has on the general public. The paper has featured the social ramifications engaged with the discussion over the hijab. Since Canada and America share numerous social likenesses, the paper will be instructive in molding discussions on the theme in America. The paper features the moral ramifications in the general public. The creators have prevailing with regards to featuring the effect of an occasion in

Introducing Carol Topp Author of

   Author and professional CPA Carol Topp has a heart for encouraging students to begin their own micro businesses. A mother of two daughters who started her own accounting business in 2000, Carol encouraged her own daughters as they began their own micro businesses. Today Carol continues working as an accountant and speaks to groups about a variety of topics, including money management, nonprofit management, business start-ups, and taxes. Her emphasis is on helping teenagers and families. Carol has created a list of five things a person interested in starting a micro business needs to consider before starting up. Check out her list, and plan on joining us for a special free webinar on Monday, June 5,  when she and Andrew Pudewa will meet to discuss potential start-up ideas for budding teenage entrepreneurs. Carol’s advice includes asking the following questions before diving into a new business: Do you really like the product or service? Do you use it yourself? You need to be enthusiastic about what you are selling so that people want to buy from you. Hopefully you have used the product yourself and can tell customers how great it is from your personal experience. Is it profitable? Do a cost-benefit analysis to calculate how profitable your business could be. Don’t know how to do a cost-benefit analysis? It’s all explained in Starting a Micro Business, one of the books in the Micro Business for Teens collection. Is there a need? You can’t sell ice to Eskimos—there’s no need—but you can sell ice in Florida! Evaluate if there is a need for your product or service carefully. Try doing some surveys of potential customers, or test your product on a few customers first. What are the start-up costs? Micro businesses should not need a lot of start-up money. If your idea takes a lot of money just to start, it is too risky for a micro business. Think about launching another simpler micro business first to raise the start-up money for your second venture. Is it manageable for you? You may have a great idea, but it might consume all your free time. Save that idea for when you have more time, and launch a simpler micro business now to learn the ropes. These questions are a great place to begin. For more information about micro businesses, check out Carol’s blog at her website, Micro Business for Teens, and plan on joining us for the free webinar. We look forward to having you there!

Essay about A Feminist Analysis of Othello - 1741 Words

A Feminist Analysis of Othello In William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello there are numerous instances of obvious sexism aimed at the three women in the drama -- Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca – and aimed at womankind generally. Let us delve into this subject in this paper. In the essay â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello† Robert B. Heilman discusses a scene which occurs late in the play and which is sexist: When Othello summons Desdemona and dismisses Emilia, â€Å"Leave procreants alone . . .; / Cough or cry hem if anybody come. / Your mystery, your mystery! . . .† (IV.2.28-30), he not only dismisses Emilia, accuses Desdemona of infidelity, and betrays his own insane bitterness, but he converts the marriage into a†¦show more content†¦Roderigo even calls Desdemona’s action a â€Å"revolt† against paternal authority: â€Å"Your daughter, if you have not given her leave, / I say again, hath made a gross revolt [. . .] .† Upon verifying the absence of his daughter from the home, Brabantio exhorts all fathers to â€Å"trust not† their daughters, indicating an alleged predisposition among young ladies to rebel against authority: O heaven! How got she out? O treason of the blood! Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters minds By what you see them act. (1.1) Othello, the general and protagonist, seems initially to be totally lacking in sexism. He loves Desdemona as an equal and accepts her with no preconditions: As this that I have reachd: for know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona, I would not my unhoused free condition Put into circumscription and confine For the seas worth. (1.2) With the Turkish campaign against Cyprus in motion, the Duke of Venice scarcely has time for Brabantio’s protestations. And the First Senator encourages the newly married general: â€Å"Adieu, brave Moor, use Desdemona well.† The word use conveys the sexist belief of the husband’s ownership of the wife. Later, when Roderigo confesses to Iago his depression and suicidal feelings over the loss of Desdemona, the ancient seeks to keep him alive by saying that Othello will soon grow tired of his bride, statingShow MoreRelatedOthello Feminist Analysis1611 Words   |  7 PagesOthello, by William Shakespeare is well known for its richness in literary content and elements pertinent to societal ideas. Moreover, women are portrayed in Othello in ways that confirm, but also contradict their treatment in Shakespeare’s time. Both female action and language represent these ideas such as expectations for a wife and expectations for how a woman is to act. That said, ther e are many other lines spoken by these characters that defy the expectations placed on women at time. OverallRead MoreFeminist Critical Lens Of Shakespeare s Othello1248 Words   |  5 Pages Feminist critical lens examines certain texts with a primary focus on both gender’s relationship with each other and how such relationships demonstrate effects towards beliefs, behaviors, and values. This critical lens also examines a patriarchal-centered society and how such society define and interact with women with an emphasis on stereotypes of both genders that are present and evident in the text being analyzed. William Shakespeare’s Othello can be scrutinized through the feminist criticalRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Femininity1571 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares Othello. In order for us to deal with how a consideration of femininity can effect our understanding of a literary text, we must also be able to grasp the notion of `feminism and `Feminist Literary Theory. A dictionary definition of `feminism is: `the advocacy of womens rights on the grounds of the equality of the sexes. Although this leans towards feminism in the historical sense of the word, it still provides the grounds, or foundations, from which feminist literary theoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1567 Words   |  7 PagesWOMEN’S ROLE IN SOCIETY: DISECTING THE MISOGONY IN SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO Judging Othello from a self-proclaimed feminist Audre Lorde’s perspective allows the reader to see the double standards women faced in the Elizabethan society. Today our society assigns gender roles to children from birth. From the baby dolls needing care and EZ Bake Oven toys, little girls are encouraged at an early onset to lead domesticated lives. Boys on the other hand, are given cars and action figures that can take rough-housingRead MoreOthello Analysis838 Words   |  4 PagesOthello Analysis Othello is a story of jealousy and manipulation. The story of a man who believes that he deserves to have everything he wants. If anything gets in the way he may ridicule, manipulate or even fight to move it. Othello uses several different types of elements in the drama. Symbolism, Irony and Conflict are all elements that can be found in Othello. We will discuss each in detail later in the essay. The audience views characters in Othello in many different ways especially whenRead More Goodnight Desdemona: a Feminist Introspection of Shakespeare2482 Words   |  10 PagesDesdemona to reveal the feminist narrative lurking between lines of Shakespeare’s plays. Only through the intertextual re-examination of the Shakespearean text itself via the interjection of genre and the reassigning of dialogue, within the metatheatre, is the true feminist representation of the female Shakespearian characters unveiled from behind the patriarchal preconceptions. From this understanding we may read Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet) to be true feminist reworking of ShakespeareRead MoreThe Real Victims Of Othello1197 Words   |  5 PagesThe REAL Victims of Othello Shakespeare’s tragic play, Othello, gives insight to broken relationships and tragic deaths all caused by lies. But the main component of these lies is faults in relationships. Shakespeare explores the ideas of Othello’s actions toward Desdemona, their relationship, but forgets an important detail: her side of the story. Desdemona, along with the other women in the play contrast each other tremendously. All three women show victimization in their own way, but how farRead MoreShakespeare s Othello : An Understanding Of Renaissance Love Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe key to analysing Shakespeare s Othello is an understanding of renaissance love. The story of Othello is a lesson on the reborn idea of the complicated love introduce first in ancient greece; in this study Emilia is an instructor of the love of Philia. The ancient greeks had a particular affinity for this particular type of love, the love between true friends; and the lesson we can gleam from our play is that Emilia s type of philatelic love is especially crucial in Bildungsroman. Emilia sRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Gender on Shakespeares Othello 1376 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello In the book â€Å"Gender Trouble† (1990), feminist theorist Judith Butler explains â€Å"gender is not only a social construct, but also a kind of performance such as a show we put on, a costume or disguise we wear† (Butler). In other words, gender is a performance, an act, and costumes, not the main aspect of essential identity. By understanding this theory of gender as an act, performance, we can see how gender has greatly impacted the outcome of the play in William Shakespeare’s Othello. FromRead MoreLiterary Theories And Literary Criticism1318 Words   |  6 PagesSaussure. †¢ Critical analysis of philosophical as well as literary language that emphasizes the core mechanisms of language and abstract systems, interpersonal quality of meaning and the expectations contained in forms of expression. †¢ Represents the meaning of a text by exposing the imaginary contradictions as well as internal oppositions – showing that these foundations are complex, unstable or impossible. †¢ Positioned in philosophy, in literary analysis as well as in the analysis of scientific writings

Cultural Interview Is An Indispensable Element Of One s...

Introduction Nowadays, during the age of globalization, the ability to build bridges between the diverse cultures appears to be an indispensable element of one s professional success in almost any kind of career. In particular, interviewing an individual basing on the Twelve Aspects of Culture or Ethnicity implies a remarkable importance in terms of succeeding in cultural brokering. Subsequently, the analysis of the answers given during the cultural interview would be particularly helpful in terms of understanding the interrelations between the received information and the theories/concepts discussed in class. In addition, the received data may also serve as a practical illustration of the differences between the Personal and Group identities. Finally, the interview has largely changed my personal perspective and understanding concerning the work with the clients representing a different culture. Notably, speaking about the start of a personal career, there are several worth consideration points to be taken out of the interview. The interrelations between the answers and the theories/concepts discussed in class It is worth mentioning that the answers received during the cultural interview may be used as an example to illustrate the particular features characterizing the voluntary minorities in the US. Subsequently, the correspondence between the received data and the concept of voluntary/involuntary minorities is to be considered the major interrelation between theShow MoreRelatedDevelopment of Customer Experience-Based Brand Strategy for the Lenovo Group to Explore the Uk Market3485 Words   |  14 PagesD E S I G N M A N A G E M E N T P R A C T I C E I N I N D U S T RY Development of a Customer ExperienceBased Brand Strategy for the Lenovo Group to Explore the UK Market by Yuanyuan Yin, Ray Holland, Shengfeng Qin and Weicheng Wu and brand development analysis. The customer analysis data have been collected through questionnaire, interview, and observational surveys. The authors adopt Cope and Schmitt’s theoretical framework of customer behavior analysis and brand development process analysis asRead MoreEconomic Factors Of Cable Bahamas Ltd Essay2786 Words   |  12 PagesEconomic factors are variables that influence a company s capacity to successfully do business. They may be helpful or harmful, and the same factor can have either a positive or negative impact depending on its current status or the type of business it is affecting. Although economic factors create the climate in which a business operates, the success or failure of any company also strongly depends on its own resourcefulness and ability to adapt to these external economic factors. Cable BahamasRead MoreGlobal Sourcing Benefits and Challenges for HM4690 Words   |  19 Pageswell-known organization, Hennes and Mauritz (HM) is one of the largest international fashion retail and production house with the great deal of businesses all over the world. In the today’s competitive market and ever-changing environment, what distinguishes an organization that succeeds from others? The article is to explore and focus on the benefits, challenges and requirements of global sourcing for HM by the means of a literature study, case interview and discussion with the fashion merchandisingRead MorePerformace Appraisal Methods in Relience, Maruti, Infosis, Wipro8784 Words   |  36 Pagesinvestigation have been fully acknowledged. Ms.Neha Walia Guide ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted and grateful to Pro.NEHA WALIA, AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, CHANDIGARH for her valuable guidance was indispensable and invaluable during the days and afterwards. This project was a great source of learning for me. Page No EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Executive summary 7 Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Analysis4231 Words   |  17 Pagesbehavioral matters, such as anthropology, psychology and sociology, in order to use it to improve management theories and managerial strategies. An organization is a number of people or groups all working together in a structured mechanism to achieve one ore more goals. Organizational behavior then, comes in to investigate on how organizations affect individuals and the other way around (Duncan, 1978). Although the first questions on how the worker is being affected by his job were raised in the ‘30sRead MoreWorkplace Culture8726 Words   |  35 Pagesthat mysterious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers interview a prospective employee, explores whether the candidate is a good cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally know when you have found an employee who appears to fit your culture. He just feels right. Culture is the environment that surrounds you at work all of the time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationshipsRead MoreRecruitment and Selection of Citi Private Bank9244 Words   |  37 Pagesthis investigation and the introduction of the ‘client organisation’ with research question. †¢ For Chapter  2 focuses on a review of  previous research to generate ideas for this study.  And the theoretical framework of  competencies approach of  interview tools and met-expectation theory is applied. †¢ As discussed in Chapter 3, research  design method  selects to provide  the detail for the survey.  Ã‚   †¢ Overall, the discussed in Chapter 4, data gathered via questionnairesto primary sampleRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesDevelopment Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 Contents 1. 2. Introduction Structure of the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. Racism and individual and collective human rights 3.1 A note on cultural and ethnic identity 9 11 4. Racism: colonial inheritance 4.1 Nicaragua: multiethnic and pluricultural state 4.2 The historic roots of differences, discrimination, and racism 4.2.1 Spanish Conquest and its repercussions in Indigenous Read MoreWorkplace Violence10377 Words   |  42 PagesUNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 5-1-2002 Workplace violence: A case study Robert F. White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation White, Robert F., Workplace violence: A case study (2002). UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 522. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/522 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses/Read MoreAzerbaijans Tourism Industry12172 Words   |  49 Pagesand tourism in this ancient land that enjoys a modern infrastructure and a wide range of cultural-heritage tourism destinations. Although many of the countrys most widely acclaimed destinations for international visitors are located in its capital, Baku, there are numerous archeological and historical sites located in neighboring towns and regions as well that can form the basis of a comprehensive cultural-heritage tourism operation, providing certain factors are taken into account in formulating

Future Strategies of Tata Motors for Australian Market

Question: Analysis the car industry in Australia? Answer: Introduction The Automobile industry includes the vehicle manufactures as well as retailers that deal in variety of cars and motor vehicles. This industry is surrounded by vivid stakeholders including car manufacturers, car dealers, part suppliers and mechanics. The prominent players of the Automobile industry are generally engaged in manufacture, research, design sale and maintenance of motor vehicles and their spare parts. The global automobile Industry is indeed evolving at an increased pace with the Australian continent as no exception to the growth (Humad, 2005). Analysis of the Car Industry in Australia The automobile industry is of strategic importance to the Australian economy as automobile is the largest manufacturing industry in Australia. This industry supports many other industries such as aluminum, steel, glass, rubber, paint, plastic, electronics and also contributes to the exports of the country. The annual turnover of the Australian Automobile industry exceeds $160 billion and is one of the prominent sources of taxation revenue to the Government of Australia. The Australian automobile industry employs approximately over 4 lakh employees and benefits the local population by offering latest technology automobiles (Federal Chamber of Automobile Industries, 2013). The Automobile industry in Australia also provides leading edge environmental technology for controlling carbon emissions and thereby contributing towards environment conservation. The motor transportation in Australia is also the most preferred transportation for passengers as well as freight carriers outstripping a ir, maritime and rail modes (Price Waterhouse coopers, 2014). Automobiles are regarded as most easily and affordable means of transport by the local population, and is thus a prominent industry belonging to the Australian economy. Analysis of Industry Competition and Tatas Competitive position Tata Motors, the Indian Automobile brand has sought to come up with a range of ligh commercial vehicles in the Australian Automobile markets, with the help (partnership agreement) of the local Australian Automobile distributor, Fusion Automotive. This partnership would enable Tata motors to enter the Australian competitive markets giving exclusive distribution rights to Fusion Automotive (Collett, 2013). Let us understand and measure the industry competition of the Australian Automobile industry by analyzing the competitive position of Tata motors, using porters five forces model. Rivalry among existing competitors There is fierce existing competition in the Australian Automobile industry. Ford Motors, BMW, Hyundai Automobiles, Honda Australia, Ateco Automobiles, Nisan Motor Company, Skoda Australia, Harley Davidson International, Saab Automobile Australia, etc. would be some of the domestic and international competitors to Tata motors Australia. Threat of the new entrants The entry cost for setting up a Automobile manufacturing business is very high. Also it would require a good amount of time to gain confidence of the consumers in the Automobile segment. Automobiles being premium goods are preferred to be purchased from well established players by the consumers. Thus, Threat of the new entrants would be considerably low. Threat of the substitutes Usage of Public Transportation or cycles by the target customers of the Tata motors in the Australian region would be examples of substitutes. The usage of automobiles however, is the most preferred transport of the local Australian population. This suggests a low risk of threat of substitutes to the company. Bargaining power of suppliers Tata motors have over 128 suppliers that supply raw material to the company for manufacturing the Automobiles. Thus, large numbers of suppliers result in overall lower bargaining power of the suppliers that is beneficial for the company (Campbell, 2013). Bargaining power of Buyers The existence of multiple Automobile players in the Australian market makes the Bargaining power of Buyers extremely high. Abundant choices available to the target consumers of the company necessitate the need to effectively reach out to its target consumers. The List of recommendations mentioned in the next paragraph would exemplify the same. Key Recommendations The International expansion attempt by the Tata motors would definitely be the process that would impact the regional cultures, Tastes and preferences for Automobiles and the methods of Trade and brand communications as well. The following are few of the recommendations for the company that would assist its successful business expansion in the country Australia (Allen Consulting Group, 2013): Manufacturing and creation of value based Automobiles, as per the preferences of the local consumers of the Australian land. Aligning the marketing and promotional plan of the company, with the overall strategic plan of the company, desired for expansion in the Australian region. Concentration on product innovation and quality control, supported by adequate research and development to increase the competency of the automobiles manufactured. Strengthening the channels of distribution in the country with adequate co-ordination with Fusion Automotive. Effective Usage of technology and social networking platforms for strengthening the brand image of the company and its product offerings. Managing effective public relations with media, regulators and other key stakeholders to build a favorable corporate image of the company. Pursing additional research and development, for coming up with more fuel efficient car models that would synchronize with the social responsibilities of the company. Conclusion The overall Automobile industry in Australia including the Tata Motors business is lately facing the challenges of volatile raw material costs and fuel prices, stringent government regulations and overall increased competition across the industry. Tata motors are all geared up to bring in innovation and new developments in the Automobile sector of Australia starting with light commercial vehicle segment. References Federal Chamber of Automobile Industries, 2013, Australian Automobile Industry, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.fcai.com.au/library/publication/fcai6049_full_version_final_(2).pdf Collett Trevor, 2013, Tata Returning to Australia with light commercial vehicles, The Motor Report TMR, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.themotorreport.com.au/56972/tata-motors-to-re-enter-the-australia-market-with-light-commercial-vehicles The Economic Times, 2013, Tata motors to launch light commercial vehicles in Australia, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-23/news/40749684_1_tata-motors-telcoline-2-2-litre Campbell Matt, 2013, Tata to become Australias newest ute brand, Drive.com.au, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/tata-to-become-australias-newest-ute-brand-20130723-2qfyr.html Price Waterhouse coopers, 2014, Automobile Industry, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.pwc.com.au/industry/automotive-industry/index.htm Allen Consulting Group, 2013, the strategic role of the Australian Automobile Manufacturing Industry, Report to the Federal Chamber of Automobile Industries, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.acilallen.com.au/cms_files/ACILAllen_FCAI_September2013.pdf Humad Aditya, 2005, Tata Motors Market Buster, Retrieved on February 4, 2015, from https://www.marketbusting.com/casestudies/archives/Tata%20Motors.pdf

Racism Essay Example

Racism Essay Maya Angelou’s turbulent experiences through late childhood and adolescence transformed into an almost positive force in her adult life as they helped enlighten, inspire, motivate and shape and very being . They provided her with the vehement fuel that drives her achingly powerful words and allowed her the knowledge and wisdom that led to self –discovery (finding one’s inner self), two endeavors that most of humanity is never able or perhaps willing to acquire.From an apprehensive child growing up in a small town in Arkansas, Maya Angelou has evolved into an influential, wish, and respected women. She has overcome obstacles and has grown into one of the elite intellectual people of this country, and perhaps the world. Along her numerous struggles, various people have given her positive guidance and passed down their knowledge to her. Among these people was Mrs. Bertha Flowers, a person in which Maya respected greatly. She was a dignified person that Maya could st rive to achieve the gratitude that Mrs.Flowers gave to the people around her, a sense of appreciation. In her life story, Maya Angelou attributes her characterists she has acquired today, being influential wise and respected, to Mrs. Flower, who shows her the power of a voice, the knowledge of literature and pride in her race, and turns a self-conscious girl, into one of the profound writers of our time. Mrs. Flowers enlightened Maya on the importance, and dominant effect, of expression through an individual voice. Earlier in her life, Maya was sexually molested and raped, and as a result, became dormant towards society.This was such a traumatizing event in her life that struck her obviously, in a physical sense, but moreover, mentally. Where she was once a brilliant outgoing child, she became a quite, somber adult. As a result of this ,Mrs. Flowers stepped in and told Maya to, †bear in mind ,language is man’s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals†. The intellect and beauty of Mrs. Flowers was shown through this quote which she educated Maya. Throughout I Know Why the Caged Birds sings there were many themes such as racism and segregation, strong black women and literature.The strongest theme addressed in the book was racism and segregation. Racism and segregation was shown in just about every aspect of the book. A major example of to this theme is presented by how Maya and her family lived in the black side of stamps. Stamps, Arkansas, as depicted in Caged Bird, has very little â€Å"social ambiguity†. It is a racist world divided between. Black and white, male and female. Als characterizes the division as â€Å"good and evil†, and notes how Angelou’s witness of the evil in her society, â€Å"generally directed at black women†, shaped Angelou’s young life and informed her views into adulthood.Angelou uses the metaphor of a bird struggli ng to escape its cage, as a central image throughout her series of autobiography. Like elements within a prison narrative, the caged bird represents Angelou’s confinement resulting from racism and oppression. The caged bird metaphor also invokes â€Å"the supposed contradiction† of the bird singing in the midst of its struggle. Scholar Ernece B. Kelley calls caged bird a â€Å"gentle indictment of white American womanhood but Hagen disagrees, stating that the book is† a dismaying story of white dominance. Critic Pierre A.Walker places Angelo’s autobiography in the African American literature tradition of political protest. Caged Bird has been called â€Å"perhaps the most aesthetically satisfying auto biography written in the years immediately following the Civil Rights era. Angelou demonstrates, through her involvement with black community of Stamps, as well as her presentation of vivid and realistic racist characters and the â€Å"vulgarity of white s outhern attitude towards African Americans†, her developing understanding the rules for surviving in a racist society.Angelou’s autobiographies, beginning with Caged Bird, contain a sequence of lessons about resisting oppression. The sequence she describes leads Angelou, as the protagonist from helpless rage and indignation to forms of subtle resistance, and finally to outright and active protest. Walker insists that Angelou’s treatment of racism is what gives her autobiographies their thematic unity and underscores one of their central theme: the injustice of racism and how to fight it. The structure of the book helps to illustrate this theme.Caged Bird, like most autobiographies, begins with Angelou’s earliest memories, but she relates events non-chronologically. for example, the description of the â€Å"powhitetrash† girl taunting Maya’s grandmother appears in chapter five when Maya was about ten years old, two years after her rape, which occurs in chapter twelve. Maya reacts to the â€Å"powhitetrash† incident with rage, indignation, humiliation, and helplessness, but Momma teaches her how they can maintain their personal dignity and pride while dealing with racism.Walker calls Momma’s way a â€Å"strategy of subtle resistance, and McPherson calls it† â€Å"the dignified course of silent endurance†. In the course of her book, Angelou demonstrates that Momma’s approach to coping with racism serves as a basis for actively protesting and combating racism. Momma is portrayed as a â€Å"realist†, whose patience, courage and silent ensure the survival and success of those who came after her . For example, Maya breaks the race barrier to become the first black street car operator in Son Francisco and responds assertively to the demeaning treatment by Americans subvert repressive institutions to with stand racism.Arensberg insists that Angelou demonstrates how she, as a black child, evolves out of her â€Å"racial hatred†, common in works of many contemporary black novelist and autobiographers. At first Maya wishes that she could become white, since growing up black in white America is dangerous; later she sheds her self-loathing and embraces a strong racial identity. Bama’s Karukku, apart from being her autobiography, becomes the testimonio of a community. Her personal experiences reveal the life that a Dalit has to lead in a caste based society.This paper talks about the experiences that Bama had in her Dalit life and discusses how Karukku becomes a testimonio of Dalits. Karukku focuses on two essential aspects namely: caste and religion that cause great pain in Bama’s life . Bama has bitter experiences at the school. One day Bama and her friends were playing at the school in the evening at that moment somebody has stolen the coconut. The guilt is thrown on her. Everyone says that it was Bama who had plucked the coconut. Actually she was not guilty but the headmaster treats her badly .He scolds her in the name of caste . when she protested ,the headmaster tells her ,†you the people of low caste like the manner you have†¦.. we cannot allow you inside this school . stand outside†. Because of this incident Bama is agony. It is very shocking incident and she is confused by listening to the caste name particularly when she is not mature enough to understand it at all. In chapter 2, Bama starts to portray how casteism has been playing its ugly role and says how a lower caste brings vada cover without touching its top.From the first view, we can understand how the higher caste suppresses the lower one. A small girl who is supposed to be Bama sees this action, and starts laughing uncontrollably. But once her brother describes the real pace of the action, she starts thinking. From this action ,Bama makes us also to think how casteism plays an ugly role during her ages . she never fails ,to say that how a sm all child who is from a high caste ,dominates even an age old grandma who is from lower caste and who is working in the child’s field.In the same chapter Bama brings out the feeling of a small girl due to her suppression everywhere. Bama makes us clear that only education is the solution for this suppression. Even in the educational institution, casteism shows its real face. The girl who is from the Dalit society hopes that education only can bring out the changes, but the case is different in the institution . Bama brings out the disappointment of the girl through her words itself. In chapter 4 and 5, Bama brings out the so-called snobberism and capitalism.In these chapters, Bama depicts how workers of the Dalits are paid poorly. Even the children who go and work in the fields of the upper, can get less sum of money. This shows how capitalism is imposed on even to the children. Bama says that the children from the upper society should be given respect, even by the old people . It is simply because they are the Dalits and they don’t have money enough to compete with them. In chapter 5, snobberism shows its ugly face. The rich people, who are also from the higher class, use the power illegally and bring the power under their control.Even the police man help for them. It shows the law is on the side of the upper. But the Dalits don’t talk it seriously. They enjoy what they do. They think that there are born to struggle. At the end of the book, she says, â€Å"Its great joy to see the Dalits aiming to live with self-respect, proclaimed aloud, ‘Dalit endru sollada talai nimirndu nillada’; you are a Dalit; life up your head and stand tall†. The poem which I wrote on caste will help us to understand the sufferings of a small boy; You Caste To admit me, my parents took me to school,They, the educated illiterates, called us fool; Because asked they, our caste, My parents replied with haste. Asked us, â€Å"With that caste how? † So we, before them, did bow; Got into the class with fear, To sit there, among my peer. In class, I was not their favor, All was nothing but my color; Shared everything among their dears, Left me alone, in eyes, with tears. People do say I am educated, But, I was, there, really punished; They never taught us subject, Only that ugly unseen object. I like others, born with same red blood, Then why I, suffocating in caste flood?Thus the life portrayed in these two works, shows how both the black people and the Dalits are being suppressed. Even though they make their own life . It is clear â€Å"great men are not born, they grow great†. The circumstances under which they live made them to struggle bravely and have brought them great. Book Cited: 1. Walker Pierre A. (October 1995). â€Å"Racial Protest, Identity Words and Form in Maya Angelou-I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. 2. McPherson, Dolly A. Order out of Chaos: The Autobiographical Works of Maya Angelou. 3. Bama. Ka rukku. Tr. Lakshmi Holmstrom Racism Essay Example Racism Essay Racism is about control.   In southern literature this control is very prevalent.   In this essay the focus of identity in The Color Purple, Sula, and The Sun Also Rises will be scrutinized, dissected, and analyzed.   Since racism, misogyny, and identity are about control, the unfettering of such belligerence becomes didactic in the making of these novels.In The Color Purple it is not about how racism affects only the black population but how it affects the entire community, how demonic a person can become because they seek power and control over another person, and how that persuasion can emphasis the evil in humanity.Celie is raped throughout her life; she is disgraced and restrained from feeling love from her father, her husband and the men she’s known.   Celia’s deep-bedded resentment towards men becomes clear only when she discovers Nettie’s letters from Africa. With this realization, the fact that Nettie had kept in touch with her and that her husba nd had hidden the letters, Celia is freed from her seeming obligatory submission.Celie is raped by her father, and her husband; in turn she believes this is how relationships function between the two sexes.   In this belief, Celie is guided to advise her stepson Harpo to in turn beat his wife Sofia, as Celie writes of a conversation with Sofia, â€Å"She say, All my life I had to fight.   I had to fight my daddy.   I had to fight my brother.   I had to fight my cousins and my uncles.   A girl child ain’t safe in a family of men.   But I never thought I’d have to fight in my own house.   She let out her breath.   I loves Harpo, she say.   God knows I do.   But I’ll kill him dead before I let him beat me.   Now if you want a dead son-in-law you just keep on advising him like you doing.   She put her hand on her hip.   I used to hunt game with a bow and arrow, she say.   I stop the little trembling that started when I saw her coming.   I’m so shame of myself, I say.   And the Lord he done whip me little bit too.† (38).  Ã‚   In the strain of relations between women, there is a decisive support system despite the overall encompassing of racism, hate, and misogyny.  Ã‚   The women in The Color Purple find strength together despite Shug being Celie’s husband’s mistress, and despite Celia advising Harpo to beat Sofia.   Celie, however, is the uniting power between the women.   Through her abrasive beatings, her deprivation from love from a man, and her all consuming mistreatment from her husband, Celie rises above physical and emotional torture by depending on Nettie and news about Celie’s children; she pulls the love she needs from her sister and each relationship she has with a woman.After the degradation that Celie endures and the newfound strength with which Nettie has supplied her sister, Celie confronts her ‘father’.   In so doing, she finds out he is her stepfather[1].   After this harrowing and brutally honest confrontation, Celie then has the gumption to confront her husband Albert, and subsequently moves to Memphis with Shug and wear pants; the ultimate symbol of freedom.   Celie no longer faces the racist terminology that bewildered her past and in her life in Memphis, Celie gains the courage to also re-unite with Albert, in a more respectful and loving manner.With Celie’s character and the devastation with which her life began, to the more joyful scenes at the end of the novel, there is a definite leap in her view on gender.   She was brought up to believe that women were less than equal, less than human, and through the love with which she shared with her female friends, she came to know herself as a woman, and to gain a sense of positive identity.   It is not through race, or class alone, that Celie’s strength is that much more meaningful because of the odds she was pitted against but it is mainly wi th gender that her triumph becomes clearly recognizable.   Though her class status, her poverty, her race all add up to her degradation from society and from family it is with her being a woman that most of her humiliation is rooted.Celie finds love; her love for her sister, Shug, and Sofia and thus feminism becomes a tenable character itself in the novel.   I believe that feminism is portrayed through love despite the errors on the path that lead Celie to that love; she found Shug because she was Albert’s mistress, she developed love with Sofia despite Celia telling Harpo to beat her.   These women rely on each other despite the means by which they found each other.   It is with this type of support that feminism is solidly portrayed in The Color Purple, their closeness can be best described in Walker’s passage, â€Å"When I see Sofia I don’t know why she still alive.They crack her skull, they crack her ribs.   They tear her nose loose on one side.   They blind her in one eye.   She swolen from head to foot.   Her tongue the size of my arm, it stick out tween her teef like a piece of rubber.   She can’t talk.   And she just about the color of a eggplant.   Scare me so bad I near bout drop me grip.   But I don’t.   I put it on the floor of the cell, take out comb and brush, nightgown, witch hazel and alcohol and I start to work on her.   The colored tendant bring me water to wash her with, and I start at her two little slits for eyes† (84).  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that these women could not have traversed the humiliation of life without one another; it is through their independence that one and each of them is able to find ‘their own pants to wear’[2].These concepts of strength found with other women, and women paving the path by which other women find their own redemption, and liberation is fully expounded upon with Womanhouse 1972 project.   The project displays the domestic r ole typically relied upon for women to accomplish.   The stereotype being that women scrub floors, make babies, and have no outlet for true emotion and expression except in baking.   It plays upon women as domesticated creatures, just as Celie was breed to be a mother, and a submissive wife:   that was her expected gender role in the family.The installations in the project represent women as sex objects, as merely fitting into a role predestined to them by certain standards in society[3].   Another tying element that links the project with Walker’s The Color Purple is the symbolism of the crocheting.   The novel presented Celie and Sofia making a ‘Sisters-Choice’ quilt together and the project installation of the womb that was also done by crocheting.   The symbolism is that women work together to create a thing of unity, not because it is in their chemical make-up to knit, and be a homemaker, but because it allows women to unify their talents in a ph ysical display.   This transgresses the fear involved with women liberating themselves from oppression just because of their gender.   Celie finds great joy in making the quilt with Sofia, and the enrichment the process provides is empowering because their hard work together emotionally releases them (Celie and Sofia, and women viewing the project installations) and allows them to share in something fruitful.As a testament to the overriding power that two women posses together against the travesty of life, Walker writes, in Albert’s voice through a letter written by Celie, â€Å"I wanted to kill you, said Mr. and I did slap you around a couple of times.   I never understood how you and Shug got along so well together and it bothered the hell out of me.   When she was mean and nasty to you, I understood.   But when I looked around and the two of you was always doing each other’s hair, I start to worry† (270).   So, even though there can be trifles, th ere can also be jubilation in the relationship between women. The Womanhouse 1972 project keeps this perfectly succinct.The way in which Celie begins her journey and the way in which Womanhouse 1972 present women and counteract the prejudice and stereotypes they’ve endured is very similar.   In Celie’s voice, Walker writes, â€Å"I lay there thinking about Nettie while he on tope of me, wonder if she safe.   And then I think bout Shug Avery and maybe she like it.   I put my arm around him† (12).   In this act of deprivation and Celie trying to find love with other women while being raped, there is a supreme sacrifice being made, and in return, at the end of the novel that sacrifice is given back; that is, the self.In Celie’s strength is found a beacon that women united stand a chance of self-expression outside of humiliation from fathers, sons and other men that without the bound of women in friendship, there would exist no outlet, no way to get a way from laundry, from expected roles, from rape.   Celie is strong only because of her friendship.In Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises the narrator Jake travels through a myriad of landscapes from Paris, to Madrid and even San Sebastian.   It is through these landscapes that the reader may witness the rising hope that Jake has, or the desperation, and even at times, of the peace he has or longs for in such scenery.   The cast of characters suggests a spectrum of different avenues of hope: with Jake, his hope is to be with Brett, despite the consequences and the treatment he receives from her, uttering in the novel’s last line, â€Å"Yes, isn’t it pretty to think so† after Brett states that she and Jake would have had a wonderful time together.In this statement Jake reveals to Brett, and to the audience that although he and Brett do not manage to come together as a couple, that in Jake’s view of events they are joined together through consequenc es and circumstances.   This is not a fulfillment by the measure of typical novels involving relationships but for Hemingway, the stunted acceptance of fate in the character Jake allows for imagination and realism to coexist.   This means that hope cannot come to fruition but that to still think, and in Jake’s mind to know, that to have been with Brett would have been his greatest adventure expresses not his lament that it never happened but that it could have happened and it would have been wonderful.   This un-fulfillment is Jake’s hope realized.With the character Cohn however, hope is a desperate emotion.   His hope is overpowering; it lies with being madly in love, or infatuation with Brett and the unrequited love of Brett drives Cohn into a furious temper for any man who is with her, or desires her.   Cohn repeated follows Brett around, which conjures up images of puppy love, and blind obedience, and when Brett’s fiancà © Mike tells Cohn again an d again to lay off, Cohn refuses and tensions rise during the fiesta in Madrid.   Cohn ignores rationality and knocks out Jake, Mike, and Brett’s new lover, the bullfighter Romero.   Recognizing his actions, Cohn insists on having Jake forgive him, which Jake does with reluctance and even wants Romero to shake his hand, which Romero refuses.   Here, then is Cohn’s ultimate slight; that hope, at least the kind that is desperate is unforgiving.Brett rebukes her fiancà © Mike for her new lover Romero.   An interesting scene in the book is when Brett receives Romero’s gift of a bull’s ear he had slain, a bull which had earlier slaughtered another man.   This ear signifies that Brett had to cut off a piece of herself in order to live the life she does, traveling and falling in love over and over and changing her mind and following a different lover around until regret or a new love shows up.   This ear resembles Brett’s hope – her ho pe of love in constant fury.   She must not leave too much of herself with one man leastwise she become completely attached and dependent, thus, the vivisected ear is Brett’s heart, torn off from its owner, and kept in a distant spot.   Brett does not hope with commitment, but with transitory lust for new things, places, and men.   Although Jake tells these words to Cohn about traveling to South America this following quote may be applicable to each character in the novel and the theme of hope, â€Å"You can’t get away from yourself by moving from one place to another.† (Hemingway 11).Hemingway’s characters in the novel suggest constant movement in order to escape something; to escape constancy in setting and environment, it is as though the characters feel that if they move enough their desires and regrets won’t be able to catch up. This is true especially for Brett and is true for Jake as well.   For Cohn, it is his outdated lifestyle whi ch is anachronistic in the lifestyle of the age in which he is living that he is trying to escape but for Brett and perhaps Jake as well, it is regret that they do want to overcome them, I thought I had paid for everything. Not like the woman pays and pays and pays. No idea of retribution or punishment. Just exchange of values. You gave something up and got something else. Or you worked for something. You paid some way for everything that was any good. (Hemingway 148).   In final scene in the car when the two are alone together and Jake says it’s pretty to think so, this is the only acknowledgement of truth the reader receives from Jake concerning his desire for Brett.   Beyond to tomfoolery, bullfighting and fishing, when he is quite within himself, the mantra which pulses through him is regret.   He may hope beyond it, but it is all-consuming as it would have been for Brett if she had not hidden her heart away from such devices as feeling too much as Jake does, as it best exemplified with Jake stating, â€Å"Couldn’t we live together, Brett? Couldn’t we just live together?† [Brett:] â€Å"I don’t think so. I’d just tromper you with everybody.†In Jake’s final line to Brett, hope is dashed and cynicism is revealed.   Jake has no illusions as to how his and Brett’s relationship would have been since Brett has no heart to give, or it is kept at such a distance, even Jake’s love could not call it into being.   This is the lack of hope of them, realism, cynicism, and love dashed.In Sula the idea of poverty and race comes hand in hand for the characters of Morrison’s novel.   The scene setting of the book takes place in The Bottoms in an Ohio community with the juxtaposition of a white well to do community rests just below the hills of this novel’s setting.   In order to fully understand the creation of the character’s identities throughout each story the histor y of the setting must also be examined.   The Bottoms were created by a master who gave the property to a former slave.   Thus it would seem that the community is a place based on hope, of looking for a future, but the characters in Sula do not seem to have a future in any hopeful sense.   Although the property was given as a gift the fact is that the gift was a form or chicanery since the land given was a piece of poor land not fit for much things such as growing.   However, the community turned into a place of different aspects yet the tension of the novel rests with the community being taken over by the wealthy whites in order to build a golf course.   This action of changing the land is a symbol of how the whites want to change the blacks into something better for themselves, and thus, the issues of identity for the characters comes into fruition with this backdrop.The town, in fact of its eccentrics becomes a place of accepting one’s identity.   This thesis c an be seen with the character Shadrack.   With Shadrack the town is faced with an issue of a war veteran who seems to be misplaced in time, and place.   Shadrack fears death so much that he creates a day in January known as National Suicide Day in which people who commit suicide on that day are not subjected to the ridicule and shame from a community which usually follows such an act.   Although strange and out of place at first the community eventually begins to accept Shadrack and he becomes a staple in the community.Another point of contention which may be comparable to the characters in The Color Purple are the character contrasts of the children of Nel and Sula.   Nel’s family holds the idea of family value at a high standard in regards to socialization.   The main word which may be appropriately used to describe Nel’s family is conventional.   Helene, Nel’s mother, wants such a standard life for her daughter, yet Nel seems at times to reject th is notion (such rejection of predetermined futures seems to run concurrent through the other novels of this essay as well).   The doubts that Nel holds for this predetermined future come into clear view when she meets Rochelle.   Rochelle is Nel’s grandmother and is a former prostitute.   Sula’s family however is quite different than Nel’s   Sula resides with her grandmother Eva as well as her mother Hannah, thus the extended family for Sula is in constant close contact.   Both of Sula’s female relatives are portrayed through the town’s conscious as loose, amoral, and artistic type women.   The house Sula lives in is a way station for other vagrant, down on their luck, trying to get somewhere travelers of the story.Sula and Nel however are very good friends, their differences and opinions are reminiscent towards the identity issues alive with Jake and Brett as both desire something they know does not exist.   The change which occurs t o Sula however is an innocent game played with a boy Chicken Little who by fault of Sula ends up drowning in a river.   The two girls become cohorts as they do not let anyone know the truth of the accident.   After this the two girls grow distant.   This seems to echo The Color Purple in that while one girl leaves the other girl stays to bear the abuse of a marriage she does not desire in a life she cannot comprehend.   Thus identity seems to be faced in a rather literary sense with the idea of place.The places in each of these novels take a hold in the forming of each characters identity.   Just as Jake feels more at home in the country fishing prior to going to the bull fight and dealing with his friends’ tantrums and Brett’s adultery and Celie is never at peace until she gains control of her environment through showing her ability with a knife so does Sula find an identity only by trying to leave the Bottom for ten years only to find that people in the var ious places she visits are dealing with the same problems she left behind with the other characters.   Place follows Sula around by way of the characters she meets, thus, place does not seem to change where she travels.   Sula’s place then is a psychological backdrop to her problems with identity, and psychology only emphasizes the environment through people and actions and isn’t something one may easily escape.This is what each character finds out for themselves in the course of each novel; that their psychology is not something that can be escaped through environmental settings and change but must be dealt with head on with courage as Celie does in The Color Purple, Jake does in The Sun Also Rise at the end in the taxi cab with Brett and as Sula realizes with her ten year absence.

The History of Pinball and Pinball Machines

The History of Pinball and Pinball Machines Pinball is a coin-operated arcade game  where players score points by shooting metal balls on an inclined playfield, hitting special targets, and avoiding losing their balls.​ Montegue Redgrave Bagatelle In 1871, British inventor, Montegue Redgrave was granted US Patent #115,357 for his Improvements in Bagatelle. Bagatelle was an older game that used a table and balls. Redgraves patented changes to the game of Bagatelle included: adding a coiled spring and a plunger, making the game smaller, replacing the large bagatelle balls with marbles, and adding the inclined playfield. All common features of the later game of pinball. Pinball machines appeared in mass, during the early 1930s as countertop machines (without legs) and they featured the characteristics created by Montegue Redgrave. In 1932, manufacturers began adding legs to their games. First Pinball Games Bingo made by the Bingo Novelty Company was a countertop mechanical game released in 1931. It was also the first machine manufactured by D. Gottlieb Company, who were contracted to produce the game. Baffle Ball made by D. Gottlieb Company was a countertop mechanical game released in 1931. In 1935, Gottlieb released an electro-mechanical standing version of Baffle Ball with a  payout. Bally Hoo was a countertop mechanical game with optional legs released in 1931. Bally Hoo was the first coin-operated pinball game and was invented by the founder of the Bally Corporation, Raymond Maloney. The term pinball itself as a name for the arcade game was not seen until 1936. Tilt The tilt mechanism was invented in 1934 as a direct answer to the problem of players physically lifting and shaking the games. The tilt debuted in a game called Advance made by Harry Williams. Powered Machines The first battery operated machines appeared in 1933, Harry Williams made the first. By 1934, machines were redesigned to be used with electrical outlets allowing for new types of sounds, music, lights, lighted backglass, and other features. Bumpers, Flippers, and Scoreboards The pinball bumper was invented in 1937. The bumper debuted in a game called Bumper made by Bally Hoo. Harry Mabs invented the flipper in 1947. The flipper made its debut in a pinball game called Humpty Dumpty, made by D. Gottlieb Company. Humpty Dumpty used six flippers, three on each side. Pinball machines during the early 50s began to use separate lights behind the glass scoreboard to show scores. The 50s also introduced the first two player games. Steve Kordek Steve Kordek invented the drop target in 1962, debuting in Vagabond, and multiballs in 1963, debuting in Beat the Clock. He is also credited with repositioning the flippers to the bottom of the pinball playing field. The Future of Pinball In 1966, the first digital scoring pinball machine, Rally Girl was released Rally. In 1975, the first solid-state electronic pinball machine, the Spirit of 76, was released by Micro. In 1998, the first pinball machine with a video screen was released by Williams in their new Pinball 2000 series machines. Versions of pinball are now being sold that are completely software based.

A Sorrowful Woman by Gail Godwin

In a world that is often referred to as the world of men, the role of women is not considered important and therefore can be suppressed. This is why feminist views and criticisms arise especially in literature. By definition, criticism of feminist involves examining ways literature enhances women's economic, political, social, and psychological oppression. (Tyson) In the sad woman of Gail Godwins, the role of the heroine is focused mainly on the distance from her organizational lifestyle. Gil Godwin's sad woman's story depicts his wife and mother gradually withdrawing from her family after being overwhelmed by her husband and children and completely removing them from their lives. Their existence reminds her every day that she lost her freedom and self identity, and her life will never be the same again (Godwin 78). She wants her freedom and her own identity. Like Mr. Clap, this will be more fulfilling, she wants to live a lonely life away from her husband, her children, and other pe ople in the community. She thinks that marriage is the root of pain, and deprives her identity, self and freedom. She also wanted to leave the society that defends her marriage, so I decided to live a solitary life. However, she believes that freedom and self will not bring the satisfaction that he desires. In 1976, best - selling American novelist Gale Godwin announced a series of feminists called dream kids and anti - parent short stories. One of the stories, sad woman uses simple words and objective perspectives to give a sense of a fairy tale that women are struggling to meet her expectations as wives and mothers . This will tell the story to the overall theme of the series and explore the unsatisfying family lifestyle that weakens and weakens the psychological and emotional well-being of trapped women.

How successful is neo-liberalism in explaining why states cooperate Essay

How successful is neo-liberalism in explaining why states cooperate - Essay Example The concept of neoliberalism has been used in order to interpret the behaviour of people or states under specific conditions. It is even expanded in the area of organizational behaviour and planning. Regarding this issue, it is noticed by Bourdieu (2008, online article) that ‘the neoliberal programme draws its social power from the political and economic power of those whose interests it expresses: stockholders, financial operators, industrialists, conservative or social-democratic politicians; high-level financial officials eager to impose policies and so on’. Current paper focuses on the role of neoliberalism when having to explain the reasons for which states cooperate. The various aspects of neo-liberalism as a social and political concept will be analyzed in order to identify their role in the formulation of specific political behaviour with a special reference to the cooperation among states within the international community. Neoliberalism is a significant concept related with a variety of social and political fields; in the economic sector also the above concept can be effectively applied. In this paper neoliberalism is used under its form of an important criterion for the development of strategic cooperations among states; in other words the political ‘dimension’ of neoliberalism is likely to be employed for the development of this study. However, it is necessary to refer primarily to the various aspects and forms of neoliberalism in order to justify its presence in the evaluation of specific political behaviour – cooperation – by states internationally. In this context, we could refer to the study of Kilmister (2004, online article) who noticed that ‘neo-liberal economics is based around three main elements; firstly, there is a re-conceptualisation of the role of government expenditure; state spending is explicitly seen as justified only by the need to make domestic ca pital more

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion Question - Essay Example McDonald’s has mastered the art of change management. We can verify that through many examples. The McDonald’s launch in France, according to the ‘International Journal of Business Management’, where customers are ‘resentful of the fast-food chain’s incursion’ was successful mainly due to an adaptation of the local culture and demands of the market. French are particular about fine dining and hence McDonald’s underwent serious changes, such as comfortable armchairs, hardwood floors, an addition in their menu of items such as espresso, brioche and upscale sandwiches etc and ‘successfully responded to ‘the preferences of the local area (Richard L. Daft). ‘In the other countries the situation is the same. For example, in Canada, McDonald’s has introduced new Canadian feature breakfast. In Belgium, the McCicken Premiere has been added to the menu.’ (International Journal of Business Management, Nov 2008). Jing Han. (2008, Nov.) The Business Strategy of McDonald’s. International Journal of Business and Management. Volume 3, No. 11. Retrieved from:

The Chosen - Historic Events :: essays research papers

Chaim Potok uses historic events to help shape the plot of The Chosen and create conflicts and challenges for the characters to overcome. Specifically, the Holocaust and the Zionist movement create a feeling of aversion between the Malters and the Saunders by setting the Malters' reform Jewish, Zionist beliefs against those of the Hasidic, anti-Zionist Saunders. In the end of The Chosen, after the strength of Reuven and Danny's friendship has been thoroughly tested, their bond emerges just as healthy as it was prior to their estrangement. The characters' reactions to these events shape the entire second half of The Chosen. When the news of the intense Nazi persecution of the Jews reaches New York, the Malters and the Saunders are intensely disturbed. While David Malter is reading an account of the terror of the Holocaust, Reuven sees him "break down and weep like a child"(180). Reb Saunders shows his grief when he sighs, "How the world makes us suffer"(181). Danny and Reuven are also "tense and distraught"(181) after an original feeling of shock. Although both families' initial reactions are identical, their solutions to the persecution of the Hebrews are radically different. Differences in ideology between the two families of The Chosen cause conflict between the two patriarchs and their sons. The Hasidic viewpoint, which is shared by Danny and Reb Saunders, is that everything that happens on Earth is the result of God's will. Therefore, the Holocaust is what God wanted. Reb Saunders believes that there is nothing they can do but "accept the will of God"(181) and that no human intervention is necessary or even tolerable. Conversely, David and Reuven Malter believe that the Jewish people "cannot wait for God"(182), and that they must "replace the treasures [the Jewish people] have lost"(182). David Malter is not as sure that the future rests solely in God's hands as Reb Saunders is and says, "If we do not rebuild Jewry in America, we will die as a people"(182). The Malters share a more widely accepted view that they live in a world that can be changed for better or for worse by people's thoughts and actions. Therefore, the Malters believe that people must either speak and act against injustices or expect the worst for the world and its populace. The ideas of David, Reuven and other reform Jews sparked new interest in the notion of a Hebrew state in Palestine. Zionism was an idea with a long history, but it starts to involve the characters of The Chosen and picks up intensity after the Holocaust.

Motorcycle Helmet laws Essay

Over the past 30 years, many states have enacted mandatory helmet laws for motorcycle drivers. There have been many states that have rescinded these laws for reasons that may not be known by those most interested – the motorcycle rider him/herself. Currently, less than half of all U. S. states require helmets for motorcycle operators. One who is interested in this topic may wonder how those that are in positions to give the thumbs up or thumbs down regarding these laws make their decision one way or the other. Do they have facts, data and evidence to support their verdicts? Or, are they influenced by stories of horrific motorcycle fatalities recited to them by friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, church members, or acquaintances at the grocery store, garden center and/or the local pub? Could there be a possibility that they might pass a mandatory helmet law due to a knee-jerk reaction to a particularly heinous accident that recently occurred and been covered by television, radio, newspaper and the internet? What are the chances that one of those decision makers was an avid rider who escaped serious injury due to donning a helmet while riding? Those questions might also lead to others, for example, about how much influence lobbyists have when it comes down to the final moments prior to the enactment or veto of a particular bill. Does a lobbyist that is pro-mandatory helmets have more â€Å"clout,† or would, for example, a group of motorcycle drivers have any influence? The typical motorcycle rider and/or the general public most likely has no idea what factors are explored prior to the determination of those who have license to make the decision as to how one should dress if they are heading out on a motorcycle. Despite empirical evidence that supports the use of helmets, avid motorcyclists argue that helmet laws violate the Ninth Amendment, which states, â€Å"no law shall be enacted that regulates the individual’s Motorcycle Helmet Laws 3 freedom to choose his personal actions and mode of dress so long as it does not in any way affect others. † Trends over the past several years have been to review and disseminate accident and other reports written by police and highway patrol officers, hospital workers, witnesses to the scene and road construction workers who may have been at the site at the time of the accident. Figures and findings resulting from the National Highway Safety Act have been accessed. Compilations from states’ motor vehicle divisions and departments of transportation have also been employed extensively to determine if enactment of mandatory helmet laws decreases injuries and deaths from motorcycle crashes. These reports and statistics, however, have not included details regarding factors such as age and/or sex of the driver, style and size of motorcycle, geographical demographics, or the number of months one rides or the time of day that the incident occurred. Published research studies regarding statistics from several states were analyzed for this assignment. Some studies include all states of America, while many others focus on a particular state or group of states. Other types of research reviewed included telephone interviews with motorcyclists, articles by motorcycle groups pertaining to published findings and observations of riders, documenting whether or not they were wearing helmets. This student has a particular interest in this subject as she rides a motorcycle. In the state where she resides (Minnesota) there is no mandatory helmet use law. Unfortunately, she is not aware of the particular reasons that her state has made the decision not to enact this law. Nevertheless, if she were extremely astute, she would have reviewed any statistics regarding her home state. The author is interested in discovering the reasoning that the â€Å"powers that be† chose to allow her to have the freedom Motorcycle Helmet Laws 4 to decide whether or not she will don a helmet prior to embarking on a journey. Her hypotheses as to the reasons are probably so far off base that she would be hesitant to admit them to another. Ultimately, her quest is to evaluate the writings and attempt to discover if mandatory helmet laws do, indeed, decrease injuries and deaths as a result of a motorcycle crash. There are a variety of reasons a motorcycle driver makes the decision as to whether to wear a helmet while riding vs. not wearing one. Some of the factors that influence this decision appear to be age, demographics (urban vs. rural living), and style and size of motorcycle. Other factors involved are where the person is riding (highway, city, side streets, rural areas, etc. ) Weather conditions and time of day (early morning, rush hour, nighttime) also should be taken into consideration. Maneuvering through hundreds of vehicles on the road and the rising or setting sun in one’s eyes have a bearing on how well a driver can see. The incidence of accidents that result in injury and fatality has fluctuated with the enactment and rescinding of mandatory helmet use. The United States federal government has had a vacillating approach to the use of motorcycle helmets since 1967, when the National Highway Safety Act (NHSA) was first passed, which required states to enforce helmet laws or be ineligible for certain funding programs at the state level. By 1976, Congress responded to pressures from individual states and motorcyclist interest groups by revoking the federal authority to assess penalties for non-compliance. Within 4 years after the NHSA was revised, 28 states repealed their mandatory helmet laws. Congress later enacted the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act in 1991, which created incentives for states to enact helmet use; yet by the fall of 1995, Congress lifted sanctions against states lacking helmet law enforcement. This final repeal set the stage for state legislatures to repeal helmet laws entirely. Only Motorcycle Helmet Laws 5 20 states currently require the use of a protective helmet for all motorcycle riders, three states do not require a helmet for any riders, and 27 states require helmet use only under specific conditions. Several studies suggest that injuries and deaths from motorcycle crashes significantly decline after the passing of mandatory helmet laws in a variety of states. Consequently, the impression one perceives is that helmet use is the panacea to obliterating any injuries and deaths from serious motorcycle mishaps. The statistics that are embodied in these studies are Death to Accident Ratios, which compare the number of deaths to the number of related accidents. Limitations of these studies are that many fail to take into account the fact that motorcycle registrations declined upon resolution of the mandatory helmet use. One such study was entitled â€Å"Motorcyclist Deaths Spike as Helmet Laws Loosen. † When one glances at the title of this report, it appears alarming and gives the impression that once a compulsory act is rescinded, anyone that hops on a motorcycle in a state that does not have the helmet law will surely perish. The finer print indicates that southern states are among those with the highest motorcycle death rates. The smallest print, even smaller than the print in the body of the findings (approximately a size 6 font), disclosed that states with a year-round riding season are those that report higher death rates during the year. It takes the findings from a small number of states and proceeds to construe these across the entire country. Consequently, how can this study be proof that motorcycle helmet use decreases injury and death from riding? In the state of Minnesota, for example, in an exemplary year weather-wise, cycle riders have the opportunity to ride for six months out of twelve. In a year where there is an unseasonably long winter, a short spring season and an early beginning for autumn, Minnesotans may have an entire riding season of only three months. Limitations to the majority of studies looked at the findings and drew conclusions Motorcycle Helmet Laws 6 based on the death to accident ratios alone. Very few attempted to delineate the number of months one would be riding, seasonal road conditions or other factors. The use of a causal model distinguished the research methodology of one particular study from other studies. This methodology appealed to this writer, as many factors can influence not only the occurrence of a motorcycle crash, but the resulting predominance or lack of injury and/or death. The causal model considered crash speed, helmet use, alcohol use and other pertinent variables in an attempt to isolate the separate contribution of each determinant of the severity of injury or probability of death. The advantage of this approach was in the ability to estimate the separate effects of several simultaneous and interrelated causes of motorcycle fatalities and injury severities. Previous studies simply divided accident victims into a helmeted group and non-helmeted group. As a result, all differences in fatality rates, injury rates and injury severities between groups were attributed to helmet use. These comparisons failed to consider other differences between helmet users and non-users which influence the probability of death and the severity of injuries. The writer’s hypothesis was that helmeted riders were more risk-averse and thus: (1) had lower pre-crash and thus crash speeds; and (2) were less likely to combine alcohol consumption and driving (Goldstein, 1986). This researcher surmised that the behaviors of riders might make the difference between the probability of fatality and severity of an injury vs. the wearing of a helmet being the deciding factor. A study conducted by the University Medical Center at Brackenridge in Austin, Texas aimed to identify risk factors leading to riding and crashing a motorcycle without a helmet and to compare outcomes of helmeted vs. unhelmeted motorcyclists involved in a motorcycle crash. This retrospective study took place over a 13-year period and employed the analysis of the trauma registry at the medical center. Data was collected regarding pre-injury characteristics such as the use of protective helmet, age, Motorcycle Helmet Laws 7 gender, ethnicity, insurance status, blood alcohol content and whether the patient was the driver or the passenger. Once more, the research conducted (above) delves into the data related to cycle crashes after the fact. And, as the majority of studies that relied on numbers and formulas concluded, unhelmeted riding was associated with more severe injuries, longer hospitalizations, increased mortality and higher hospital charges. The conclusions of this particular report pointed to three basic factors which were a departure from typical research findings. These analysts determined that independent predictors of riding without a helmet included alcohol intoxication, lack of health insurance and riding as a passenger (Brown, 2011). Some of these conclusions make sense and might seem to be obvious. One can easily understand how alcohol consumption would be a risk factor in collisions on motorcycles, as it decreases reaction time and lends itself to disinhibition on many levels. The subject of health insurance led to questions by the author of this paper. How does not having health insurance influence my decision regarding wearing a helmet? Final notations of the writing declare that education and prevention strategies should be targeted at these high-risk populations. It would be intriguing to determine how to locate this particular group to target for education and prevention. What ultimate goal did these researchers have in conducting this study? This student ponders that question and questions the validity of their closing statements. Taken together, the results indicate that mandatory helmet use laws do increase the number of motorcyclists who wear helmets while riding, thus showing a decrease in serious injury and/or fatality. The threat of being ticketed along with the probability of receiving a fine appear to be the determining Motorcycle Helmet Laws 8 factors as to whether or not a rider wears a helmet. The great majority of studies conducted were quantitative in nature and focused primarily on reviewing summaries of statistics from state reports written by various law enforcement officials. The writer of this text deemed that there may have been limitations in these particular summaries. There were several studies that appeared to employ a more qualitative methodology, however, some findings appeared to indicate the possibility of the researcher having some type of stake in the results of the evaluation, such as the project being funded by an entity that drafts insurance rates for motor vehicles. The overall impression of the qualitative results was that those that chose to delve into this issue came to the realization that many factors contribute to the incidence of injury and death caused by motorcycle collisions. It is important to understand that the ultimate decision as to wearing a helmet while riding vs. not wearing one is the burden of the rider and not of the government. Each rider must take into account those mitigating factors that might influence the success or failure of each ride on his or her motorcycle. Motorcycle Helmet Laws 9 References Auman, Kimberly M; Kufera, Joseph A; Ballesteros, Michael F; Smialek, John E; Dischinger, Patricia (2002). Autopsy study of motorcyclist fatalities: The Effect of the 1992 Maryland Helmet Use Law. American Journal of Public Health 92. 8, August 2002: 1352-5. Brown, Carlos V. R. , MD, FACS; Hijl, Kelli, MSC; Bui, Eric, MD; Tips, Gaylen, RN, MSN; Coopwood, Ben, MD, FACS (2010). Risk Factors for Riding and Crashing a Motorcycle Unhelmeted. Department of Surgery, Trauma Services, University Medical Center at Brackenridge, Austin, Texas. Cotton, Paul (1992). Highway Fund Threat Is No Easy Ride For Motorcycle Law Opponents. The Journal of the American Medical Association 268. 3, July 15, 1992, p. 311. Derrick, Allison J; Faucher, Lee D.(2009). Motorcycle Helmets and Rider Safety: A Legislative Crisis. Journal of Public Health Policy30. 2: 226-42. Eustace, Deogratias, P. E. , M. ASCE; Krishna Indupuru, Vamsi, Hovey, Peter (2011). Identification of Risk Facors Associated with Motorcycle-Related Fatalities in Ohio. Journal of Transportation Engineering/July 2011, 120-125. Goldstein, Jonathan P, PhD (2011). The Effect of Motorcycle Helmet Use on the Probability of Fatality and the Severity of Head and Neck Injuries: Highlights of Helmet Effectiveness Study. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 441-446. Copyright  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Motorcycle Helmet Laws 9 Houston, David J. , PhD; Richardson, Lilliard E, Jr. , PhD (November 2007). Motorcycle Safety and the Repeal of Universal Helmet Laws, American Journal of Public Health, 97. 11, 2063-9. Kraus, Jeff F. , MPH, PhD; Peek, Corinne, MPH; McArthur, David L. , PhD, MPH; Williams, Allan, PhD (1995). The Effect of the 1992 California Motorcycle Helmet Use Law on Motorcycle Crash Fatalities and Injuries. American Journal of Public Health, January 1995, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 96 – 100. McCartt, Ann T. ; Blanar, Laura; Teoh, Eric R. ; Strouse, Laura M. (1994). Overview of Motorcycling in the United States: A National Telephone Survey, Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 42, pp. 177-184. O’Neill, James MD; Scott, Charry, RRT; Kissoon, Niranjan, MD; Wludyka, Peter, PHD; Wears, Robert, MD; Luten, Robert, MD (2007). Characteristics of Motorcycle-Related Hospitalizations: Comparing States with Different Helmet Laws. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39, Issue 1, 190-196.

How Much Does It Cost to Use Ethanol

Ethanol is a widely available alternative fuel that can be used in many vehicles that are already on the road, but is it cost-effective to use ethanol or an ethanol/gasoline blend in place of unblended gasoline? A gallon of E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline, usually costs a few cents more on average than a gallon of regular gasoline, although prices may vary somewhat depending on location. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the difference between the two has narrowed since 2014, with a 33 cents per gallon premium for E85 in July 2016. Comparable Cost per Gallon, but Less Fuel Economy A gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, however, so you may get lower mileage with ethanol and be required to fill your tank more often, which would increase your fuel costs. A 10% ethanol blend leads to a 3 to 4% decrease in fuel economy, and a 15% ethanol blend reduces miles per gallon by about 4 to 5%, according to the Department of Energy. E85 will cost you 15 to 27% in fuel economy. For more current information about the cost of ethanol and other alternative fuels, download the most recent Alternative Fuel Price Report from the U.S. Department of Energy. Vehicles That Use Ethanol Cost No More Than Others Vehicles that can use E85 are widely available in many models—sedans, minivans, SUVs, pickups and light trucks—and usually cost about the same as vehicles that run exclusively on gasoline. The U.S. Department of Energy provides an online Flexible Fuel Vehicle Cost Calculator that makes it easy to determine the costs and benefits of using E85 in a flexible fuel vehicle where you live. Hidden Costs of Fuel Ethanol? Some of the costs of ethanol blends are not visible at the pump: The high demand for ethanol has increased the price paid for corn. Meat producers rely on corn as an important feed ingredient, and the higher cost has been reflected in meat prices experienced by costumers.There are complex interactions between pressure to grow corn when prices are high and the resulting reduced availability of acreage for other crops. Less land available to grow food (grains, vegetables) has lead to increased food prices.  Ethanol blended fuels create issues for small motors on lawnmowers, trimmers, chainsaws, and other gas power tools. Ethanol can attract moisture and lead to corrosion issues in the delicate parts of the system, most notably the carburetor. Additionally, ethanol-blended fuel is more prone to separating, producing byproducts damaging to the motor. The problem worsens for those pieces of equipment that are only used seasonally, as they sit idle with fuel in the tank and in the carburetor for extended periods of time. Edited by Frederic Beaudry